Dillon's Rule identifies certain components of local governmental power. Which option lists these components collectively?

Dillon's Rule identifies certain components of local governmental power. Which option lists these components collectively?

• A. Expressly granted to it by charter or other state legislation
• B. Implied or incident to the expressed power
• C. Essential and indispensable to the declared purpose of the corporation
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Dillon's Rule holds that local governments can exercise only powers that come from the state—expressly granted, those implied or incident to the express powers, and those essential to the declared purposes of the local government. The three categories together define the full scope of local power. Expressly granted powers come from a charter or state legislation, setting the explicit authority. Powers that are implied or incidental to the express powers are those reasonably necessary to carry out the express powers. Finally, powers that are essential and indispensable to the corporation’s declared purpose are needed to achieve its stated objectives. Because all three categories are part of the framework, the complete list is the one that includes all of them. The other options describe only part of the framework, so they don’t capture the full scope that Dillon’s Rule recognizes.

Dillon's Rule holds that local governments can exercise only powers that come from the state—expressly granted, those implied or incident to the express powers, and those essential to the declared purposes of the local government. The three categories together define the full scope of local power.

Expressly granted powers come from a charter or state legislation, setting the explicit authority. Powers that are implied or incidental to the express powers are those reasonably necessary to carry out the express powers. Finally, powers that are essential and indispensable to the corporation’s declared purpose are needed to achieve its stated objectives. Because all three categories are part of the framework, the complete list is the one that includes all of them.

The other options describe only part of the framework, so they don’t capture the full scope that Dillon’s Rule recognizes.